Parkinson's disease in primates
Primates with severe Parkinson's disease were able to walk, move and eat better -- and had diminished tremors -- after being injected with human neural stem cells, a research team from Yale, Harvard, the University of Colorado, and the Burnham Institute reported June 11 in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
These results are promising, but it will be years before it is known whether a similar procedure would have therapeutic value for humans, says the lead author, D. Eugene Redmond Jr., professor of psychiatry and neurosurgery at Yale.
"Not only are stem cells a potential source of replacement cells, they also seem to have a whole variety of effects that normalize other abnormalities," Redmond says. "The human neural stem cells implanted into the primates survived, migrated and had a functional impact. It's an important step, but there are a number of studies that need to be done before determining if this would be of any value in clinical settings."
Parkinson's disease is caused by a degeneration of dopamine neurons in an area of the midbrain known as the substantia nigra, which is responsible for dopamine production. Reduced production of dopamine in late-stage Parkinson's causes symptoms such as severe difficulty in walking, fewer movements, delays in moving, lack of appetite, difficulty eating, periods of remaining motionless known as "freezing," and head and limb tremors.
In this study, five of eight monkeys with advanced Parkinson's were injected with human neural stem cells and three received sham injections. The monkeys were observed for four months before and four months after surgery. Those injected with human neural stem cells improved progressively for the entire post-treatment period and were significantly different from the monkeys that received sham injections. Twenty-one additional monkeys were studied for up to eight months for other biological effects of the stem cells. No tumors or toxic effects were found.
Redmond says a small number of the human neural stem cell progeny differentiated into neurons that contained tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. Cell progeny containing these markers suggest that the microenvironment within and around the brain lesions still permits development of a dopamine phenotype by responsive progenitor cells. The stem cells also made a growth factor that has been shown to improve dopamine function.
The neural stem cells are derived from fetal brain and are not embryonic stem cells. Monkeys with "chimeric" human neural cell-bearing brain regions showed no indication of behaviors that were not typical of the species.
-- By Jacqueline Weaver
T H I S
W E E K ' SS T O R I E S
Yale to increase medical and scientific research programs
with acquisition of the Bayer HealthCare complex
Acquisition to expand Yale's economic impact
Milestones in building Yale's medical and scientific research strength
Study shows stem cells curb Parkinson's disease in primatesChina proves 'a great joy' for Yale 'friends from afar'
COMMENCEMENT 2007
With pomp, Yale celebrates its newest graduates
Baccalaureate Address
Honorary Degrees
Outstanding teachers and students are awarded prizes
Former Yale gallery director has been elected an alumni fellow
NASA administrator is appointed University's first CFO
'Lights, cameras and action!' come to campus
Delegations travel to Brazil and Mexico for alumni-hosted events
Initiative seeks to promote effective use of solar power
Air pollution is shown to harm pregnant woman
SCHOOL OF MEDICINE NEWS
Sleep apnea is linked to heart disease and diabetes
Research findings on FMRP protein may lead to . . .
Residents' work-hour reductions not harmful to patients, study says
New radio show offers information, support to cancer patients
Scientific symposium will honor renowned faculty member
Students' research on wood frogs is featured in Peabody exhibit
In Memoriam: Naturalist Charles L. Remington
Performances will showcase talents of young playwrights
New Yale website illustrates the history of slavery in Connecticut
Campus Notes
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